Photosynthesis Essays - Photosynthesis, Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the procedure by which chlorophyll - containing creatures - such as green plants, green growth, and a few microorganisms - catch vitality from light and convert it to synthetic vitality. For the procedure of photosynthesis to occur the creature must contain chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is liable for the green shading in plants and is additionally liable for their capacity to photosynthesize. Photosynthesis is normally done in the leaves of green plants, yet it can additionally occur in different pieces of the plant, for example, the stem. The fair compound condition for photosynthesis is: Sunlight + 6CO2 + H2O - yields-C6H12O6 + 6O2 The motivation behind this lab is to respond to the inquiry, Is daylight required for photosynthesis? III.) Experimental Design/Materials and Strategies The primary investigation was classified Isolating Plant Pigments. In this first trial the materials that you need are a bit of green plant (collard greens), a bit of chromatography paper, dissolvable, and a test tube. The first thing you do is take your green plant and crease it up firmly. Second, you lay the plant on the chromatography paper and crush portions of the plant onto the paper. Next you mark the outside of the cylinder with a wax pencil where the base of the shades are. At that point we remove the paper once again from the cylinder and include the dissolvable to the base of the test tube. Next we need to hold up fifteen to twenty minutes for the witness what will to the paper. The reason for this test is to perceive what number of various shades will isolate from the green plants. The subsequent test was designated Identifying Carbon Dioxide Ingestion in Green Plants. In the second investigation that was directed the materials required are three enormous test tubes, some Elodea plants, bromthymol blue arrangement, and a bit of tin foil. The principal thing you do is place pieces of the Elodea plant in two of the test tubes. Second you include the bromthymol blue arrangement, which is a carbon dioxide pointer, to the test tube about to the top. The third cylinder is loaded up with bromthymol blue arrangement and is utilized as a control with the goal that you can analyze shading change. Next you wrap one of the Elodea containing tubes in tin foil with the goal that it doesn't get daylight. The other Elodea containing cylinder ought to be set in the light. All ought to remain along these lines for a twenty-four hour time span. The motivation behind this trial is to recognize when carbon dioxide is discharged or picked up. The third examination is called Recognizing Starch in Leaves. Starch isn't an aftereffect of photosynthesis, yet we feel that it originated from sugars created during photosynthesis. The materials required for this test are a hot plate, two little recepticles, water, ethanol, a leaf from a Coleus plant presented to light; a light denied plant, and an iodine arrangement. The principal thing you do is bubbling the light uncovered leaf in water for one moment. Next you heat up a similar leaf in ethanol for one moment or until the leaf has turned white. Remove the leaf from the ethanol and spot it on a little petri dish and absorb it the iodine arrangement. On the off chance that the plant contains starch the shade of the iodine will change from a corroded red shading to a dim purple or dark. Next you take the light denied plant and bubble it for one moment in water. Remove it from the water and spot it in the ethanol arrangement and bubble it for one moment. Remove the leaf from the ethanol and spot it on a little petri dish and spread it in iodine. The reason on the off chance that this examination is to identify starch in green plants. IV.) Results In the first lab that was directed our outcomes came out positive that light is required for photosynthesis to happen. In this test I had three shading colors to isolate out on to the chromatography paper. Photosynthesis was present in these on the grounds that the shades contained chlorophyll a, which plays an significant part in photosynthesis. Different colors contained carotene and xanthrophylls, which are both present in photosynthesis. In the second analyze we utilized Elodea plants and a carbon dioxide recognizing dissolvable to see at the point when carbon dioxide is discharged or picked up. In the primary cylinder with the Elodea enveloped by tin foil, with the goal that it couldn't get light, the plant picked up carbon dioxide during oxygen consuming cell breath and turned the dissolvable yellow. In the control tube the

Why Protestantism developed in North America Essay

Why Protestantism created in North America - Essay Example Protestantism came to North America a couple of days before Christmas in 1606 through the Englishmen under King James. They conveyed with them their official religion known as the Church of England. Be that as it may, their objective to purify through water the Indians who were then flourishing in the Virginia fizzled. A long time later, the Puritan separatists from the Church of England who initially relocated to Holland were allowed to fabricate provinces in New England which was later turned into the United States. This denoted the celebrated passage of Protestantism in the nation. Puritans, similar to their Anglican antecedents couldn't keep up their doctrinal and otherworldly thoroughness offering path to the birth and development of different categories like Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterian. It tends to be seen that the principles held by Protestantism gigantically reflects the pluralistic estimations of North America. It ought to be noticed that a religion can possibly t hrive and prosper on the off chance that it epitomizes the worries of the people in the general public (Bauer 1). Taking a gander at the Baptists and Methodist Churches in the United States, it tends to be seen that their prosperity can be credited to their capacity of effectively addressing the necessities of the wilderness individuals than some other division: In face of the new test to the Churches, their perspective on the service and the Christian confidence was best in finding and holding the individuals of the west. Besides, they were from their initiation Churches of the average citizens, the oppressed (Bauer 6). Baptists Churches got well known in North America in view of their intrigue to the everyday citizens, the uneducated and confiscated. Their service is driven by straightforward people who have heard their calling from the Lord. In this manner, the extraordinary preferred position of Baptists is the wealth of laborers in a region. It ought to likewise be noticed that Baptist's priests are undeveloped and unsalaried (Bauer 6). Like the Baptists, Methodism is likewise considered as a boondocks confidence which created after the American Revolution. The improvement of Methodism is likewise because of its outskirts structure which suits the earth and individuals they are tending to. Their priests frequently head out here and there directing classes which last develop as places of worship permitting them to contact individuals in disengaged locales. In explicit areas, it is likewise normal to discover skilled laymen who are selected to lecture if the clergyman is missing. This guarantees Bible investigations and congregational exercises are being done consistently. The Methodist Church is additionally observed to lecture a boondocks message as it conveys a gospel which focuses on the poise of poor people and provincial families: The circuit riders broadcasted that their confidence and that of their gatherings was of more worth in seeing God than the school learned religious philosophies of tip top city evangel ists and their well off houses of worship (Methodism and the Frontier 1) Protestantism additionally owes its steadiness and food to the various recoveries which recharges the dedication of individuals to their pledge with God. The Great Awakening is noted to have joined 4/5 of Americans in the comprehension of the Christian confidence and life. This restoration has additionally imparted a more profound awareness of other's expectations for the Indians and slaves. It ought to be noticed that Protestantism emphatically restricts subjugation and underlines the equity of each

The Importance of Researching College Admissions Essays

The Importance of Researching College Admissions EssaysHave you ever wanted to write a good college admission essay? This article will help you understand how to write a great essay. After all, college is a big decision and it can make or break your chances of getting into the school of your choice. Therefore, you should not only put in some effort into writing a well-written essay but also apply the right amount of research.You should start by reading a lot of essays. As you become familiar with the style and structure of college essays, you can write essays in your own style. You can improve on your writing skills while learning from others.Your college admission essay should show your best characteristics and highlight your strengths. Good essays are very different from each other and it is important that you remain consistent when writing one. Remember, this is not a contest. You do not want to be right and another candidate is wrong. Be confident, so that the reader can easily i dentify with your personality.People who need help in writing a college admissions essay should avoid using pronouns that are not applicable to your situation. You should also be wary about using the same words for all sections of the essay. Finally, keep your essay brief and do not overdo it. A short, simple yet compelling essay that does not overwhelm the reader will greatly enhance your chances of getting into your desired college. Do not try to put too much information in your essay since this can prove to be too long.Take time to prepare yourself before writing your college admissions essay. You must make sure that you have researched the school and have a good understanding of the admissions process. The college admissions essay is one of the toughest things for most applicants. Even if you know what you want to say, you will still have to come up with ideas to support your argument. Always keep your audience in mind and have a brief outline ready. This will help you develop a solid foundation for your argument.You should remember that a college admission essay is your chance to show the reader why you are the best person for the college. In order to do this, you must demonstrate that you know what you are talking about. You must communicate the strength of your personality through your essay. As you write, you can ask yourself what college you want to go to. The key to coming up with an idea for your college admission essay is by asking yourself what college you want to go to but do not know how to express your desire.If you are writing a college admissions essay, you should spend a lot of time in outlining the essay topic. It is crucial that you get an idea of what exactly the topic is before even thinking about writing the first paragraph. If you leave out important details in the first paragraph, then the entire essay will suffer.Before writing your college admissions essay, it is also important that you research the school well. You should determine how well the school has prepared their students for college and this can give you an idea of how they prepare students for college admission essays. Also, consider what your career goals are. Once you have this information, you can then write a compelling college admission essay that focuses on your goals.

salinger Essay - 843 Words

LIFE AND PHILOSOPHY OF J.D. SALINGER J.D. Salinger is one of the most renowned writers of his time. J. D. Salinger is most known for his controversial in the Catcher in the Rye. Salinger is also known for many of his writings such as Franney and Zooey, Nine Stories, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters. The summer of 1930 he was voted â€Å"The Most Popular Writer†. â€Å"Salinger is a beautifully deft, professional who gives us a chance to catch quick, half-amused, half-frightened glimpses of ourselves and our contemporaries, as he confronts us with his brilliant mirror images† (Lomazoff 1). In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, there is a relationship between the main character, Holden Caulfield, and Salinger. J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the mid-1940’s Zen Buddhism began to influence Salinger’s life and writings. Also, in the early 50’s Salinger met frequently met with teenagers while writing Catcher. These influences, a nd also the fact that he was an â€Å"unknown† writer made him free from clichà ©s and slogans that the rest of the world fell prey to. Salinger only seeked independence, growth, and stability in his life. Because Salinger was not a renowned writer, he did not have to worry about meeting expectations or censorship. Salinger would never try to censor himself, and felt that he should not have to. He frequently speaks of a phony society in which we all live in and in order to be accepted into the adult world, we must become a â€Å"phony†. Being a â€Å"phony† meaning, adjusting yourself to become what is socially acceptable even though it may not be what you desire to achieve. â€Å"His work is a unique phenomenon, important as the voice of a â€Å"silent generation† in revolt against a â€Å"phony world† and in search of mystical escapes from a deteriorating society rather than â€Å"causes† promising political revolution or reform†(French 4). Many of Salingers views for The Catcher in the Rye come from his intense hatred for hypocrisy. In the novel, Holden Caulfield feels that he must not submit to the phoniness of life, but attain an attitude of tolerance, understanding, and live which will make his life endurable. â€Å"From a social economicShow MoreRelated Jd Salinger Essay772 Words   |  4 Pages Salinger, J(erome) D(avid) (1919- ), American novelist and short story writer, known for his stories dealing with the intellectual and emotional struggles of adolescents who are alienated from the empty, materialistic world of their parents. Salingers work is marked by a profound sense of craftsmanship, a keen ear for dialogue, and a deep awareness of the frustrations of life in America after World War II (1939-1945). Jerome David Salinger was born and raised in New York City. He began writingRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger, also known as J. D. Salinger, is a fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Yorker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Salinger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputationRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger637 Words   |  3 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye, by J.D Salinger, consists of many minor characters. There are more than about sixty characters in the novel in which only three of them are major characters (Holden, Allie, and Phoebe) and the rest minor. Many of these characters are just mentioned with no lasting impact on either the novel itself or Holden. Salinger uses minor characters in the Catcher in the Rye to tell the readers about Holden and his views about the world. The first minor character seen in the CatcherRead More J.d. Salinger Essay2971 Words   |  12 PagesDavid Salinger was to become one of America’s greatest contemporary authors. In 1938 Salinger briefly attended Ursinus College in Pennsylvania where he wrote a column, amp;quot;Skipped Diploma,amp;quot; which featured movie reviews for his college newspaper. Salinger made his writing debut when he published his first short story, amp;quot;The Young Folks,amp;quot; in Whit Burnett’s Story magazine (French, xiii). He was paid only twenty-five dollars. In 1939, at the age of 20, Salinger had notRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger983 Words   |  4 PagesCatcher in the Rye Essay Throughout Catcher in the Rye there are a lot of small parts of the story where it would be linked to the book and to the text all together. J.D. Salinger created a lot of important passages that would be associated with what type of message that he was trying to convey to the audience. Salinger would develop certain characters like Phoebe through her description and actions to have a influence on Holden, thus causing him to change as a character and reveal sides of himRead MoreThe Laughing Man by J.D. Salinger878 Words   |  4 PagesJ.D. Salinger (Jerome Davis Salinger) was said by some people to be one of the best American Authors of past century. Salinger’s works reflects the many experiences he had as a child. One of the more common focuses tends to be his fascination with protecting the innocence in children. Salinger was born in New York City an attended public school until he switched to the exclusive McBurney School. In attending this school, Salinger was called an â€Å"academically unexceptional student†. After this heRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger944 Words   |  4 PagesMany people have different aspects and impressions on a teenager’s life. Some say society is the problem for their misbehaviours while others say it is the child who is responsible. Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger tells a story of a teenage boy named Holden Caulfield who gets kicked out from school to school. He never pushed himself in academics or anything and ended up failing, at most, everything. He re-tells what happened to him in New York after he got kicked out of Pencey Prep and secretlyRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1005 Words   |  5 Pagesof J.D. Salinger’s classic coming of age tale The Catcher in the Rye, entices readers through his hyper-cri tical scrutinization of the post-war consumer world. The novel itself is acclaimed to be quite autobiographical; the similarities between Salinger and Holden are numerous. Holden is an avid critic of materialistic American ideals, and he aims to preserve innocence in others, and to save himself from falling into the land of adulthood. After failing out of prep school, Holden retires to theRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger654 Words   |  3 Pagesthe first questions that came to my mind when I received the first assignment notice that we would be reading The Catcher in the Rye for English class. The title is most likely the single most important word choice that the author must make. J.D. Salinger uses the title in the book to allude to more than just when Holden sees the young child singing. J.D. Salingers title, The Catcher in the Rye, alludes to the conflict Holden faces of sexuality when growing up. The first reference made to the titleRead MoreThe Story of J.D. Salinger2489 Words   |  10 PagesThe Story of J. D. Salinger J. D. Salinger became one of the most popular and known American authors in America today. Up to this day students from all over the country have read and purchased the novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† which was a novel that was not so long ago controversial due to vulgar language, sexual references, and unacceptable behavior; parents were concerned that J. D. Salinger’s novel was going to influence their children. Salinger was one of many authors that stood out more

Which Continent Is the Worlds Smallest

There are seven continents in the world and Asia is the largest, and according to land-mass, Australia is the smallest at almost a fifth of the size of Asia, but Europe is not far behind as it has just over a million more square miles than Australia. The measurement of Australia is just shy of three million square miles, but this includes the major island continent of Australia as well as surrounding islands, which are collectively referred to Oceania. As a result, if youre judging size compared to population, Australia ranks number two with just over 40 million residents in all of Oceania (which includes New Zealand). Antartica, the least populated continent in the world, only has a few thousand researchers that call the frozen wasteland their home.   How Small Is Australia by Land Area and Population? In terms of land area, the continent of  Australia  is the worlds smallest continent. In total, it includes  2,967,909 square miles (7,686,884 square kilometers), which is slightly smaller than the country of Brazil as well as the contiguous United States. Keep in mind, though, this number includes the small island nations that surround it in the Pacific Island region of the globe. Europe is nearly a million square miles larger as the second smallest continent, measuring at a total of 3,997,929 square miles (10,354,636 square kilometers) while Antarctica is the third smallest continent at approximately  5,500,000 square miles (14,245,000 square kilometers). When it comes to population, technically Australia is the second smallest continent. If we exclude Antarctica, then Australia is the smallest, and as a result, we might say that Australia is the smallest populated continent. After all, the 4,000 researchers on Antarctica only stay through the summer while 1,000 remain through the winter. According to 2017  world population statistics, Oceania has a population of  40,467,040; South America of 426,548,297; North and Central America of 540,473,499; Europe of  739,207,742; Africa of  1,246,504,865; and Asia of  4,478,315,164 How Australia Compares in Other Ways Australia is an island since its surrounded by water but it is also large enough to be considered a continent, which makes Australia the largest island in the world—though technically since the island nation is technically a continent, most ascribe  Greenland as the largest in the world. Still, Australia is also the largest country without land borders and the worlds six-largest country on earth. Additionally, it is the largest single country to exist entirely within the Southern Hemisphere—though this accomplishment isnt much considering more than half of the worlds country are in the Northern Hemisphere. Although it has nothing to do with its size, Australia is also comparatively the driest, most arid continent of the seven, and it also boasts some of the most dangerous and exotic creatures outside of the Amazon rainforest of South America. Australias Relationship With Oceania According to the United Nations, Oceania represents a geographic region made up of islands of the Pacific Ocean which includes Australia, Papua New Guinea and excludes Indonesian New Guinea and the Malay Archipelago. However, others include New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia as well as the U.S. island of Hawaii and the Japan island of the Bonin Islands in this geographic grouping. Quite often, when referring to this southern Pacific region, people will use the term Australia and Oceania rather than adding Australia into Oceania. Additionally, the grouping of Australia and New Zealand is often referred to as Australiasia. These definitions largely depend on the context of their use. For instance, the United Nations definition which only includes Australia and unclaimed independent territories is used for organized international relations and competitions like the Olympics, and since Indonesia owns part of New Guinea, that part is excluded from the definition of Oceania.

Essay on The Value of Diversity - 522 Words

Diversity, as it relates to thoughts, ideas, ethnicity, race, and a host of other areas, is the quintessential ingredient needed to establish a free nation. Amendment I of the United States Constitution states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Through this simple statement made so many years ago, the founding fathers laid down not only the framework for the basic freedoms that Americans cherish, but also the foundation for establishing a diverse nation. You see, without diversity, there cannot be†¦show more content†¦People lacking in diversity education also run the risk of blindly defending their ignorance to the detriment of others. Growing up in a one-stoplight town in the Southeastern United States, I have oftentimes seen this ignoran ce first-hand, along with the physical and emotional scars it can leave on its victims. nbsp; The best way to combat diversity ignorance is to experience a foreign culture first-hand through an international education program. These study-abroad programs are a celebration of multiculturalism because they immerse the participant in an uninhibited, culturally diverse environment. During the duration of this experience, participants gain a unique perspective of the culture they are studying that cannot be gained by just reading a book or watching a documentary. Also during the duration of this study abroad program, participants share a piece of their own culture with those around them, thereby creating a mutually beneficial exchange for all parties considered. Another benefit of an international education program is that when participants return home, they spread a part of the foreign culture that they have learned to their friends and family. It is somewhat like throwing a rock into a pond; the initial submersion makes the biggest splash, but the ripples after the submersion ca n also be seen long after and far from the rocks initial point of entry. In effect, one persons willingness to embraceShow MoreRelatedThe Value of Diversity603 Words   |  2 Pages1. There are a number of different methods of teaching employees about the value of diversity. Elmore (1997) suggests that we undertake activities that cause us to evaluate ourselves both as individuals and as members of a group. Additionally, exercises that highlight the negativity that stereotyping and discrimination brings can be valuable. Elmore also suggests that we examine both the similarities and differences in people. Workshops can help because they encourage interaction on a human levelRead MoreValue of Diversity Paper1213 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: VALUE OF DIVERSITY PAPER Value of Diversity Paper Cultural Diversity SOC/315 Value of Diversity in the Workplace In companies or corporations the global landscape now reflects diversity in the employees found in the workplace. Employees come from different backgrounds, geographic or global areas, ethnic and cultural origins, and have unique skills and talents. Individuals must work together and merge skills and manage diversity effectively in the workplace. Our thoughts, actionsRead MoreAn Organization Of Values Diversity1656 Words   |  7 PagesAn organisation that values diversity will gain a positive reputation, the way it’s seen by potential employees and organisations. Valuing diversity can attract candidates it shows an organisation practises employment discrimination; in line with the Equality Act 2010 protecting employees against discrimination, race, age, gender, ethnicity, disability, religion or sexuality. If a company wishes to expand worldwide, a diverse workforce can improve communication between countries that they may wishRead MoreDiversity, Values, And Beliefs1920 Words   |  8 PagesMelissa Rahorst CRIM 406 20170419 Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs Equal Opportunity Leaders Course (EOLC) is a course that focuses on giving soldiers a voice. EOLC teaches noncommissioned officers and officers to empower even the lowest ranking soldier to speak up if they are being discriminated against based on the six categories of discrimination. Throughout this course, I learned many valuable lessons, but the most important exercise we did was called the badge exercise. During this exerciseRead MoreThe Value of Diversity in the Workplace Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagescustomers for which they serve while determining the needs of these customers. This business process makes diversity a crucial part of a companys growth and operation. Hiring and retaining employees with diverse backgrounds to meet the demands of the global marketplace is the first step to meeting these challenges. Companies like EBS PaineWebber (Grano, 1999) have committed themselves to diversity so that they can establish themselves as a diverse organization ready to meet the needs of a diverse groupRead MoreThe Value Of Diversity Within The Workplace1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Value of Diversity in the Workplace Globalization sets the perfect environment to develop diversity in the workplace. This new society, in which we are currently living, has created a new workforce that is based on its diversity that can greatly help with any business development and growth. In business, diversity brings opportunities to grow, expand and reach out to other markets by utilizing the values, ideas and the diverse skills that people from many different backgrounds have to offer.Read MoreThe Value Of Diversity At Washburn University1254 Words   |  6 Pages Washburn University has always been proud of having diversity since it first opened its doors to the public 151 years ago. If you are to look around campus many are able to see how much diversity is valued by the campus as a whole, they know everyone is different and each person has their own story to tell. If a university made it where no one is allowed to talk about where they came before and how they ended up where they are in life. what is the poi nt of being proud of who you are? For me, itRead MoreAsian Values And Cultural Diversity2375 Words   |  10 Pagesterm Asian Values has various definitions. Generally, the phrase alludes to influences from Confucianism in particular, filial piety or loyalty towards the family, corporation, and nation; the forgoing of personal freedom for the sake of society s stability and prosperity; the pursuit of academic and technological excellence; and, a strong work ethic together with thrift. Proponents of so-called Asian values, who tend to support Asian style authoritarian governments claim these values are moreRead MoreThe Diversity Of Diversity, Values, And Perceptions Of Different Communities And Cultures Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the SJSU Communication Studies department, â€Å"Diversity explores the variety and complexity of communication efforts to shape beliefs, values, and perceptions in different communities and cultures.† Diversity is one of the four major cornerstones in the department, and although each and every cornerstone speaks to me, diversity is critical to me because it is what made me who I am today. I was born and raised in one of the most diverse places in the country, the San Francisco Bay AreaRead MoreThe Value Of Ethical Conduct And Managing Diversity Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Issue: The Value of Ethical Conduct and Managing Diversity Review of Subject This essay explores what Organizational Behavior (OB) is and the value of ethical conduct, and discusses the methods of managing diversity taking into consideration socializing and organization culture. OB is a study of the people in organization, about how they work, and how they produce results. Organizational ethical conducts are those morally accepted by the employees, the customers, and the public. It could

Understanding and Managing Diversity Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Understanding and Managing Diversity. Answer: Introduction Australian football League is considered as one of the strange paradox among the other football leagues in the globe. This is because of their ability to bridging the gap between cultural and ethnic barriers. The organization has always focused in bringing communities together. The team has recently realized that it has players from about 20 nationalities all over the world playing for them and they will continue such diversity even in future. This has made Australian Football League different from other football leagues in the world (humanrights, 2017). The paper discusses about the type of diversity the company maintains within its team and with other connected members. It further analyses thediversity management strategies that the company has followed and further improvement required in the strategies. Identification of Diversity Australian Football League is one of the responsible sports bodies that maintain the rules of football in Australia. The league has been operating in the country as one of the non-profit organization as it distributes its profits to its constituent clubs in Australia. The league has gained its fame due to a different approach that it has followed. The unique approach of the team towards sports is maintaining diversity within them. Diversity that has been maintained within the team and outside with its partners is religion and gender diversity (Vilification Framework, 2017). The organization has a strong belief in religion equality and thus includes players from various religion backgrounds. All the players in the team are respected for the effort they are giving, whether they are juniors or seniors. AFL also maintains strong rules for people carrying out racial discrimination within the team. AFL also maintains gender equality within its team by including both men and women in the team. As football is a game that has been solely considered as a men game from the day it has begun, AFL has tried to change the mindset by including women players in football. The football team that the league has formed is known as the AFL womens national league (Adelaidenow, 2017). Managing Diversity Managing cultural and religion diversity within the team is not an easy task as it involves a lot of controversies and issues within the team members and game lovers in that country. However, AFL has introduced a vilification framework under which it has stated zero tolerance level for any kind of disagreement within the team for religion or culture (Vilification Framework, 2017). It has clearly stated that the team has to welcome and form an inclusive environment for all players and members of the Australian Football. Such cultural diversity was necessary within the team as Australian has people from almost 270 ancestries. Rule 30 stating the discrimination between racial and religion vilification among the AFL players was introduced. The rule stated intolerance for racial and religious discrimination. Anotherdiversity management that the league has carried out is for gender inequality. AFL has started including women in football, which was previously considered as a men game. The league believes that women should remain parallel with men in everything, be it game or any other activities. Thus, Australian football started women football league in which women can actively show their skills in the game. Since the day the women football league has started, it was seen that women were able to achieve senior umpiring ranks even in the men AFL games (Adelaidenow, 2017). This has made football league of Australia a game for everyone. Such an effort made by AFL has helped in reducing the level of violence towards women and children. The Vilification Framework introduced by AFL also aimed at reducing gender inequality in the game. To reduce gender inequality, the organization has also increased the inclusion of women in men AFL a coach. This has helped altering the thinking among the player s that a women cannot play a game that has been designed solely for men (Vilification Framework, 2017). There were various incidents on racial discrimination in AFL in which people from other racial backgrounds are taunted and abused. The situation got wore day by day. However, the organization has been able to take steps for the concern in 2011. Strong actions were taken against people that conduct such discrimination. In 2011, Justine Sherman was banned from many games just because he racially vilifies other players. Such racial discrimination incidents also led to resignation of AFLs national community manager (Humanrights.gov.au, 2017). Some incidents of sexual harassment have also taken place in AFL in which the organization has taken active steps. In has made a video and has issued it to all AFL members in order to educate them about correct attitude towards opposite sex (Humanrights.gov.au, 2017). Recommendation Even though Australian Football League has taken various steps in including gender and cultural diversity in their team as well as the game, there are certain steps that the organization can take to implement it in a better way or expand it further. This will help the league not only include diversity within its organization; it will also allow them to spread such motive to other teams involved in football game. Moreover, they can ease out their processes, which will help them intake people from diverse culture and gender, instead of implementing policies later. AFL should design an intake process for the team, which will enable them to successfully recruit people from different culture and increase the number of women in the game. In the recruitment process, the organization can include agencies and explain them their policies so that they recruit people accordingly. For reducing racial discrimination cases, the organization should formulate a policy in which it should try to include players from various racial backgrounds and conduct activities in which everybody in the team can take part. Moreover, penalties should b set for people keeping such mindset about any other communities. Further, while recruiting players the organization should make sure that they clearly explain the company policies to them so that they do not create any cultural issues in future. The players should be explained clearly that the company has zero tolerance for diversity. This will help them effectively deal with any issues coming from the cultural ground. For women players the organization should arrange more games for women compared to men and should include games in which both men and women can play together. This will help the team to maintain true gender equality between men and women by keeping them on a same platform. References Adelaidenow.com.au. (2017).It is everyones game male and female. Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/afl/expert-opinion/michelangelo-rucci/sexism-has-turned-from-men-to-women-in-australian-football/news-story/4e60ad61ea47b1474aa9c0eb003ab0f8 Coulter, T. J., Mallett, C. J., Singer, J. A. (2016). A subculture of mental toughness in an Australian Football League club.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,22, 98-113. humanrights.. (2017). Australian rules football: Australian Football League. Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/racial_discrimination/whats_the_score/pdf/afl.pdf Humanrights.gov.au. (2017). AFL stands up against racism | Australian Human Rights Commission. Retrieved 28 November 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/stories/afl-stands-against-racism Vilification Framework. (2017).afl.com.au. Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/Respect%20and%20Responsibility/AFL_Vilification_Policy.pdf Williams, W. (2017).AFL Womens League Kicking Goals for Gender Equality.probonoaustralia. Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2017/02/afl-womens-league-kicking-goals-gender-equality/

Healthcare History Essays - Healthcare Reform In The United States

Healthcare History The historic payment system for reimbursing hospitals both by insurers and by Medicare has been Retrospective Cost Based Reimbursement(RCBR). This system of reimbursement encourages hospitals to over charge in order to cover the costs of the uninsured who utilize the hospital. Charges have continued to rise year after year eventually putting the employers at a point where they could no longer afford the payments. For physician reimbursements, both insurers and Medicare employed the Usual and Customary(U+C) approach to reimbursement. This practice, which averaged the charges for a procedure in a region, also encourages doctors to over-charge in order to raise the average amount paid to them for a procedure. These two systems, RCBR and U+C eventually started to suck too much money out of the insurers, employers, and the Medicare/Social Security trust fund so that interventions were deemed necessary. Perhaps the biggest intervention adopted by the private sector to reduce medical service costs was the trend toward businesses self-insuring. By doing so, they avoided state-mandated benefits that were required if they hired a third-party insurer. In addition, the money was now paid to claims as they arose rather than prospectively so income could be earned on this capital as it sat in the bank. Other intervention to reduce medical service costs mainly involved private insurers as it was difficult for small businesses to self-insure because of low-capitol. Underwriting was a typical practice of insurance companies; that is, excluding some employees from coverage if they have preexisting conditions or if they are employed in ?high-risk? areas. Payment caps are were also employed by insurers as a way to save medical costs. This practice meant setting limits for the total amount paid for selected diagnoses. These interventions ultimately led to segmentation in the insurance market. A shift occurred in the way that insurers calculated premium charges. Community rating used to be the norm. It involves placing all beneficiaries into a large group and projecting their claims. Premiums were then spread across the entire group as were risks. However, as a result of the historical hospital and physician payments schemes, insurers shifted to experience rating. That is, a rating that bases a group?s premiums on its experienced cost. Therefore, by only including low-risk, low- cost individuals under coverage, premiums for those individuals may be minimized. This effect leaves small groups behind, paying much more in premiums. These interventions mentioned as well as increased experience-rating adopted by insurers and the subsequent phenomena of market segmentation have had effects on many levels of the health care system: ?Premiums for small employers have skyrocketed for two reasons. First, administrative costs for small employers are proportionally higher than those for larger firms(Congressional Research Service) and secondly, larger firms have more market clout and are so able to seal the contracts that provide lower premiums to their employees. Larger firms are also able to spread the risks of their insured employees across a larger beneficiary base with lots of capitol to absorb any abnormality in claims from one year to the next. Small firms don?t have this luxury and as a result their premiums have increased. ?As health care costs grew, many larger businesses opted to self-insure and take the risks of their employees rather than paying an insurance company to perform this role. These employers also avoided the state mandated benefits and could use capital not prospectively paid to earn interest. ?It was in the 1980's, when employers were becoming increasingly concerned about soaring health care costs, commercial insurers were concerned about the future of traditional health insurance, and physicians were increasingly joining health plans to guarantee a steady flow of customers, that managed care really expand dramatically. As diagram 1 shows(see attachments), the number of people enrolled in HMO's in 1976 was 6 million and by 1991 had reached 38.6 million. The higher costs of medical care forced different groups into HMO's for different reasons. Doctors enrolled in HMO's gave up some autonomy but were guaranteed a steady flow of patients. The patients enrolled were guaranteed care for a fixed monthly premium at the expense of visiting only providers covered in their plan. ?The draining of the Social Security trust fund by traditional hospital RCBR method

2015 2016 Full Review of All SAT Test Dates

2015 2016 Full Review of All SAT Test Dates SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips We go through exact SAT test dates for 2015 and 2016 for freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors, and tell you the advantage ofeach testing date. I’ll break it down date-by-date and class-by-class so you can easily figure out the best time for you to take the test. Fall 2015 October 3rd, 2015 Freshmen and Sophomores It’s probably not worth it for you to take the test on this date, especially because the new SAT comes out in 2016, and taking this SAT is only going to provide partially relevant practice. Juniors We recommend that you take the SAT for the first time your junior fall, and this is the ideal date to do it. This date is also the first one after the summer, so it’s a good time to take the test and see whether your summer studying has paid off. Seniors This is an ideal date for seniors as well,especially if you’re applying early decision to colleges.Also, you’ll find out your results on October 22nd, which gives you enough time to study for the test date in December if you’re still unsatisfied and are applying regular decision. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS If you don’t know what these are, they're services the College Board offers for you to review your scores on the SAT more thoroughly (read more about them here).Some test dates offer the QAS and some offer the SAS. The QAS is more in-depth, so I will list which service is offered for each date in case some of you want to pick a date that allows you to order the QAS. November 7th, 2015 Freshmen and Sophomores Don’t take the test on this date. You’ll be taking the new SAT in 2016, and the old SAT will only provide partially relevant practice. Juniors This is one of your last chances to take the old SAT, so it’s a good date for you.You will still have the January test date to take the old SAT again if you don’t do well (you’re not going to have much time to react in between getting your scores back and the December test date). Seniors On the whole,you shouldn’t bother with this test date. You won’t get your scores for November back in time to study much for the December test, so you should just wait and take that one. You might take the November SAT as a senior if you’re really intent on getting better scores on different sections for superscoring, and you’re going to take the December test regardless of your November scores (great!).You might also take it if you didn’t take the SAT in October and are applying Early Decision to colleges.November test scores are the latest scores that most schools accept from Early Decision applicants. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS December 5th, 2015 Freshmen and Sophomores Again, you probably don’t want to take the test on this date because it’s still going to be the old SAT. Juniors You might be better off waiting for the January test date so you’ll have more time to study in between taking the SAT for the first time in the fall and your next attempt.The January test date is still offering the old SAT. Seniors This is a prime test date for seniors.It's probably your last chance to take the SAT and submit your scores to colleges.Many schools (including Stanford) don’t accept scores from test dates later than December. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS This is the perfect time to coerce your friends and family into bringing you lots of cookies because you're studying so hard. Winter and Spring 2016 January 23rd, 2016 Freshmen and Sophomores It’s still going to be the old SAT, so the advice for the dates before this stands. Your time will come, young ones. Juniors This is your last chance to take the old SAT, so it’s a good date for you!It will also be after your holiday break, so you will have had a nice chunk of time to devote to studying. Seniors This could be a fallback test date for seniors.Make sure the colleges you’re applying to accept scores from test dates this late before you decide to take the SAT. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS March 5th, 2016 Look out world, the new SAT is HERE! Freshmen and Sophomores Finally, the moment you’ve been waiting for has arrived.You would be smart to take the test on this date to get familiar with the new format. After you take it, you’ll have the whole summer to review your scores and study in an informed way. Juniors Don’t necessarily aim for this test date.You can take the new SAT in March if you want, but it might be better to hold off until later so you'll have more time to study and better study materials are available. Seniors Not applicable! Woo! Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS May 7th, 2016 Freshmen and Sophomores Just like with the March date, it could be a good idea for you to take the new SAT here to get a feel for what it’s like. Juniors Again, you should probably hold off.Since the new SAT is so, well, â€Å"new†, most test prep resources are not up to speed on what you need to know. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS June 4th, 2016 Freshmen and Sophomores This could also be a good date for you to check out the new SAT. You should probably go for a date earlier in the spring though because you don’t want to be taking the SAT at the same time as finals for your regular classes. Juniors You still might want to wait until the fall to take the new SAT.A lot of test prep materials for the new SAT will come out in the summer of 2016, so you'll have better resources to prepare if you wait it out. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? SAS Special Sneak Peek: October 2016 All Years This will be a good test date for everyone!By this time, lots of great prep materials for the new SAT will have come out, and you will have had the whole summer to study them.Go forth and conquer this new frontier. Fulfill your maniTEST destiny. Question and Answer Service or Student Answer Service? QAS What's Next? Find out which exact dates you want to choose with our Table of 2015-2016 SAT Test Dates. Know which SAT test date you're going to pick? Get your studying started with these plans for sophomores and juniors, seniors, and a complete plan for everyone. You should also figure out your target SAT score and decide how long you'll need to study for the test. Check out our tips for getting high scores on every section of the SAT so you can make the most of your studying! Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. 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Informative Paper - Evolution of Internet Governance and Its Effect on Research

Informative - Evolution of Internet Governance and Its Effect on Global Internet Users - Research Paper Example 6). The term governance also had its share of controversy when it came to its interpretation. Many considered governance to have an extremely related meaning to the word government. The meaning, which is accepted by the Internet community, considers governance as governing the conducts and behavior of any institution, inclusive of the non-governmental institutions. A government project formed the origin of the Internet. In 1960, the United States of America sponsored a project considered as the mother of the Internet. This was a resilient communication project mandated with the development of the research named DARPA Net. With time, there took place the invention of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which evolved the Internet (Gelbstein & Kurbalija 2005, p.11). The Internet is distributed in nature; one of them is the data packets nature to take a different path through any network, enabling the Internet to avoid traditional barriers, as well as control mechan isms. This theory is a total proof that, in the early days, in relation to the Internet, there is no central government, grand design and central planning. This made people consider the Internet as a unique tool, which could offer an alternative solution to the modern politics. In the 1980s, the term Internet governance was introduced, and it described the technical management of the Internet core resources globally. The core resources included IP address, domain names, Internet protocols as well as the root server system. The term Governance was used to show the outstanding differences between government and governance. After the emergence and discoveries of technology advancements such as the telegraph, the government in the early... According to the paper Internet governance is summarized as the act undertaken by Governments, civil society, and the private sector in the role of development and applications; it also involves their respective roles of shared norms, decision making procedures, rules, principles, and other elements that shape the process of Internet evolution. A computer specialist views Internet governance in the form development of various applications and standards. Lawyers focus mostly on the dispute and jurisdiction resolution. The essay makes a conclusion that the evolution of Internet Governance has been a long journey, which at the end has yielded fruits to all Internet users. The World summit on the Information Society has done an outstanding job to make sure that Internet governance is achieved. Other significant players associated with the success of developing and implementing Internet governance include private sectaors, international organizations, governments and young users. Currently, there are large numbers of young users using the Internet and the Internet governance has affected them in various manners. Internet governance has had both positive and negative social effects on the Internet users. However, studies show that the pros outdo the cons; therefore, Internet governance can be considered a success that has had a couple of challenges. Internet governance is a significant contributor towards forming a conductive social environment for the young Internet users. Therefore, the role of Inter net governance to the youth’s social life is of exceptional benefits.

The Devils Bermuda Triangle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Devils Bermuda Triangle - Essay Example The Bermuda Triangle is one of these locations of the world that has been a source of curiosity and attraction for thousands because of a course of inconceivable events linked to it. Bermuda’s Triangle also known as the Devil’s Triangle is located in the North Atlantic Ocean and Miami, Bermuda and Puerto Rico form the boundaries of this imaginary area of the triangle in the ocean. This particular area of the ocean gained the world’s attention when five Navy planes known as Flight 19 disappeared fifty-eight years ago into the ocean mysteriously. Neither the crew members nor the remains of the planes were found in the ocean which has not been explained logically up till now. The disappearance of the crew members and the aircraft leftovers in 1945 was the event that made this area highly controversial and many theories and explanations have been put forward to this day. Apart from Flight 19, which was the most conspicuous event, many other ships, aircraft and yachts have mysteriously vanished along with the onboard travelers which add up to the puzzling nature of this place. Many explanations have been put forward to explain the rationale behind this inconceivable string of incidents occurring in the Bermuda Triangle. Some label these incidents to be caused by the supernatural forces or extraterrestrial forces which lead to the disappearance of anything that enters into the boundaries of the Devil’s Triangle. On the other hand, others explain these occurrences in the light of scientific knowledge by blaming the ocean weather, violent waves or human errors.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay Example for Free

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay 11. a. Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Before-tax cash flow $(500,000) $52,500 $47,500 $35,500 $530,500 Tax cost (7,875) (7,125) (5,325) (4,575) After-tax cash flow 44,625 40,375 30,175 525,925 Discount factor (7%) .935 .873 .816 .763 Present value $(500,000) $41,724 $35,247 $24,623 $401,281 NPV $2,875 Investor W should make the investment because NPV is positive. b. Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Before-tax cash flow $(500,000) $52,500 $47,500 $35,500 $530,500 Tax cost (10,500) (9,500) (7,100) (6,100) After-tax cash flow 42,000 38,000 28,400 524,400 Discount factor (7%) .935 .873 .816 .763 Present value $(500,000) $39,270 $33,174 $23,174 $400,117 NPV $(4,265) Investor W should not make the investment because NPV is negative. c. Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Before-tax cash flow $(500,000) $52,500 $47,500 $35,500 $530,500 Tax cost (5,250) (4,750) (8,875) (7,625) After-tax cash flow 47,250 42,750 26,625 522,875 Discount factor (7%) .935 .873 .816 .763 Present value $(500,000) $44,179 $37,321 $21,726 $398,954 NPV $2,180 Investor W should make the investment because NPV is positive. 16. a. Opportunity 1: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Taxable income (loss) $(8,000) $5,000 $20,000 Marginal tax rate .40 .40 .40 Tax $(3,200) $2,000 $8,000 Before-tax cash flow $(8,000) $5,000 $20,000 Tax (cost) or savings 3,200(2,000) (8,000) Net cash flow $(4,800) $3,000 $12,000 Discount factor (12%) .893 .797 Present value $(4,800) $2,679 $9,564 NPV $7,443 Opportunity 2: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Taxable income $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Marginal tax rate .40 .40 .40 Tax $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 Before-tax cash flow $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Tax (cost) or savings (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) Net cash flow $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 Discount factor (12%) .893 .797 Present value $3,050 $2,679 $2,391 NPV $8,120 Firm E should choose opportunity 2. b. Opportunity 1: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Taxable income (loss) $(8,000) $5,000 $20,000 Marginal tax rate .15 .15 .15 Tax $(1,200) $750 $3,000 Before-tax cash flow $(8,000) $5,000 $20,000 Tax (cost) or savings 1,200 (750) (3,000) Net cash flow $(6,800) $4,250 $17,000 Discount factor (12%) .893 .797 Present value $(6,800) $3,795 $13,549 NPV $10,544 Opportunity 2: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Taxable income $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Marginal tax rate .15 .15 .15 Tax $750 $750 $750 Before-tax cash flow $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Tax (cost) or savings (750) (750) (750) Net cash flow $4,250 $4,250 $4,250 Discount factor (12%) .893 .797 Present value $4,250 $3,795 $3,387 NPV $11,432 Firm E should choose opportunity 2. c. Opportunity 1: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Taxable income (loss) $(8,000) $5,000 $20,000 Marginal tax rate .40 .15 .15 Tax $(3,200) $750 $3,000 Before-tax cash flow $(8,000) $5,000 $20,000 Tax (cost) or savings 3,200 (750) (3,000) Net cash flow $(4,800) $4,250 $17,000 Discount factor (12%) .893 .797 Present value $(4,800) $3,795 $13,549 NPV $12,544 Opportunity 2: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Taxable income $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Marginal tax rate .40 .15 .15 Tax $2,000 $750 $750 Before-tax cash flow $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Tax (cost) or savings (2,000) (750) (750) Net cash flow $3,000 $4,250 $4,250 Discount factor (12%) .893 .797 Present value $3,000 $3,795 $3,387 NPV $10,182 Firm E should choose opportunity 1. 1. a. (1) Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Before-tax salary/income $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 Marginal tax rate .25 .40 .40 Tax on income $20,000 $32,000 $32,000 After-tax cash flow $60,000 $48,000 $48,000 Discount factor (8%) .926 .857 Present value $60,000 $44,448 $41,136 NPV of salary received by Mrs. X $145,584 (2) Before-tax payment /deduction $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 Marginal tax rate .34 .34 .34 Tax savings from deduction $27,200 $27,200 $27,200 After-tax cost $(52,800) $(52,800) $(52,800) Discount factor (8%) .926 .857 Present value $(52,800) $(48,893) $(45,250) NPV of salary cost to Firm B $(146,943) b. (1) Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Before-tax salary/income $140,000 $50,000 $50,000 Marginal tax rate .25 .40 .40 Tax on income $35,000 $20,000 $20,000 After-tax cash flow $105,000 $30,000 $30,000 Discount factor (8%) .926 .857 Present value $105,000 $27,780 $25,710 NPV of salary received by Mrs. X $158,490 (2) Before-tax payment /deduction $140,000 $50,000 $50,000 Marginal tax rate .34 .34 .34 Tax savings from deduction $47,600 $17,000 $17,000 After-tax cost $(92,400) $(33,000) $(33,000) Discount factor (8%) .926 .857 Present value $(92,400) $(30,558) $(28,281) NPV of salary cost to Firm B $(151,239) c. Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Before-tax payment /deduction $140,000 $45,000 $45,000 Marginal tax rate .34 .34 .34 Tax savings from deduction $47,600 $15,300 $15,300 After-tax cost $(92,400) $(29,700) $(29,700) Discount factor (8%) .926 .857 Present value $(92,400) $(27,502) $(25,423) NPV of salary cost to Firm B $(145,325) This proposal is superior (has less cost) to Firm B than its original offer. d. Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Before-tax salary/income $140,000 $45,000 $45,000 Marginal tax rate .25 .40 .40 Tax on income $35,000 $18,000 $18,000 After-tax cash flow $105,000 $27,000 $27,000 Discount factor (8%) .926 .857 Present value $105,000 $25,002 $23,139 NPV of salary received by Mrs. X $153,141 Mrs. X should accept this counterproposal because it has a greater NPV than Firm B’s original offer.

Adolescents How Society Affects Them

As we all already know that adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood, generally referring to a period ranging from age 11 and 19. Adolescence has many psychological and social stages, as well as biological. Because it is filled with constant changes and uncertainty, the risks of losing the sight of the right path is quite high. Let me talk about how and who affects them.As children grow, develop, and move into early adolescence, involvement with one's peers increases. In order to be included in a group of friends they are easily swayed to do something wrong.They are faced with decisions to try new things, such as drugs, changing fashion, slang words, alcohol, sex etc.   The use of drugs by teenagers is the result of a combination of factors such as peer pressure, curiosity, and availability (Cotterell, 135).   Peers are the ones who most frequently initiate one another into drug use.Family members are the most important source of peer pressure. I bel ieve family is the most influential foundation for several reasons. For one, peer pressure is encountered first at home. The mother and father play the biggest role in our lives because they teach their children right from wrong.For example, as a child my parents would always warn me about a girl whom I hung out with and lived in my neighborhood. They advised me a million times to not associate with her because they thought she was â€Å"bad news.†Similarly, religious institutions are another great source of influence. The young adults that participate in religious institutions, come from families which are not into drugs, alcohol, violence, or any sort of crime. So the effects these religious institutions have are great on young people in society.Religious adolescents can encourage one another to be successful in school, sports, and other activities. In my own past experiences when growing up, the people I have chosen as friends weren’t always the coolest, or craziest , but they were always good for their word. These types of friends are valuable for positive peer pressure and are important to keep.Friends, as it is seen, are a major source of peer pressure that one encounters when growing up. I believe from past experiences, friends have the strongest influence on us.   The effects from our friends can sometimes be really good or truly bad.If one friend brings the bottle to the hang out and tells another teen to try it because it is â€Å"so cool,† he or she will experiment with it not knowing what effects it can lead to. One of the reasons that our society finds it difficult to handle teen’s drug use is because adolescent culture does not consist of â€Å"one uniform, homogeneous group.† (Miller, 107).Teens and children are also having sex at a young age because most of their friends may be doing the same thing.   They want to fit in and be part of the â€Å"in-crowd† so they will not follow what they feel is rig ht and so they will take part in sexual behavior in order to be â€Å"cool.†Sex is just one issue that adolescents are faced with. Consumption of alcohol is another factor that can lead to bad decisions based on the friendships that they make.Choosing the friends one hangs out with can sometimes be difficult.   Even though we know what is right from wrong we still have the tendency to do the wrong thing.Even though there are a lot of negative effects from friend’s influences, there are just as many positive effects too. I believe the right friends can push one to doing the right things such as belonging to a soccer team or joining the band club.In conclusion, peer pressure is always surrounding us and affecting us. Our friends, family members, and religious institutions are the main sources in which peer pressure comes from.With the proper guidance and right choice of friends, one will not have any trouble with life’s difficult decisions, and will hopefully do the right thing when faced with difficult problems. Adolescence is a powerful time in one's life with an array of chances to ruin a bright future, so I guess forewarned is forearmed.ReferencesCotterell, John.   Social Networks and Social Influences in Adolescence.   New York:   Thomson.   1996.Miller, Michelle, Alberts, Jess, Hecht, Jess, and Robert Krizek.   Adolescent Relationships and Drug Use.   London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.   2000.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism. Retrieved from http://www.niaaa.nih.gov

Containment Americas Plan to Curtail Communism

Containment was a foreign policy of the United States of America, introduced at the start of the Cold War, aimed at stopping the spread of Communism and keeping it contained and isolated within its current borders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics  (USSR or the Soviet Union) instead of spreading to a war-ravaged Europe. The United States feared specifically a domino effect, that the communism of the USSR would spread from one country to the next, destabilizing one nation which would, in turn, destabilize the next and allow for communist regimes to dominate the region. Their solution: cutting communist influence off at its source or enticing struggling nations with more funding than communist countries were providing. Although containment may have specifically been meant as a term to describe the U.S. strategy for the curtailment of communism from spreading outward from the Soviet Union, the idea of containment as a strategy for cutting off nations such as China and North Korea still persist to this day. The Cold War and Americas Counter-Plan for Communism The Cold War emerged after World War Two when nations formerly under Nazi rule ended up split between the conquests of the USSR (pretending to be liberators) and the newly freed states of France, Poland, and the rest of Nazi-occupied Europe. Since the United States had been a key ally in liberating western Europe, it found itself deeply involved in this newly divided continent: Eastern Europe wasnt being turned back into free states, but under the military and increasingly political control of the Soviet Union. Further, western European countries appeared to be wobbling in their democracies because of socialist agitation and collapsing economies, and the United States began to suspect that the Soviet Union was using communism as a means to make western democracy fail by destabilizing these countries and bringing them into the folds of communism. Even countries themselves were dividing in half over the ideas of how to move forward and recover from the last World War. This resulted in a lot of political and indeed military turmoil for the years to come, with such extremes as the  Berlin Wall  being established to separate East and West Germany due to the opposition to communism. The United States wanted to prevent this from spreading further Europe and on to the rest of the world, so they developed a solution called containment to attempt to manipulate the socio-political future of these recovering nations. The U.S. Involvement in Border States: Containment 101 The concept of containment was first outlined in George Kennans Long Telegram, which was sent to the U.S. Government from his position in the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. It arrived in Washington on February 22, 1946, and circulated widely around the White House until Kennan made it public in an article called The Sources of Soviet Conduct — this became known as X Article because the authorship was attributed to X. Containment was adopted by President Harry Truman as part of his Truman Doctrine in 1947, which redefined Americas foreign policy as one that supports the free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures, according to Trumans speech to Congress that year. This came at the height of the Greek Civil War of 1946 - 1949 when much of the world was in conflict over which direction Greece and Turkey should and would go, and the United States agreed to help both equally to avoid the possibility that the Soviet Union could coerce these nations into communism. Acting deliberately, at times aggressively, to involve itself in the border states of the world, to keep them from turning communist, the United States spearheaded a movement that would eventually lead to the creation of NATO (North American Treaty Organization). These acts of arbitration could include sending funds, such as in 1947 when the CIA spent large amounts to influence the result of Italys elections helping the Christian Democrats defeat the Communist party, but it also could mean wars, leading to US involvement in Korea, Vietnam and elsewhere. As a policy, it has drawn a fair amount of praise and criticism. It can be seen to have directly affected the politics of many states, but it drew the west into supporting dictators and other people simply because they were enemies of communism, rather than by any broader sense of morality. Containment remained central to American foreign policy throughout the Cold War, officially ending with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.